Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests with different antigen targets
Background: These final months, dozens of SARS-CoV-2 serological assessments have develop into out there with various performances. A significant effort was accomplished to check 17 serological assessments out there in April 2020 in Switzerland.
Strategies: In a preliminary section, we in contrast 17 IgG, IgM, IgA and pan Ig serological assessments together with ELISA, LFA, CLIA and ECLIA on a panel of 182 sera, comprising 113 sera from hospitalized sufferers with a optimistic RT-PCR, and 69 sampled earlier than 1st November 2019, anticipated to present a optimistic and adverse outcomes, respectively. In a second section, the 5 greatest performing and most out there assessments had been additional evaluated on a complete of 582 sera (178 and 404 anticipated optimistic and adverse, respectively), permitting the evaluation of 20 attainable cross-reactions with different viruses.
Outcomes: Within the preliminary section, amongst eight IgG/pan-Ig ELISA or CLIA/ECLIA assessments, 5 had a sensitivity and specificity above 90 % and 98 % respectively, and on six IgM/IgA assessments, just one was acceptable. Just one LFA check on three confirmed good performances for each IgG and IgM. For all of the assessments IgM and IgG aroused concomitantly. Within the second section, no check confirmed explicit cross-reaction. We noticed an vital heterogeneity within the improvement of the antibody response.
Conclusions: The vast majority of the evaluated assessments exhibited excessive performances of IgG/pan-Ig sensitivity and specificity to detect the serological response of reasonably to critically ailing hospitalized sufferers. The IgM and IgA assessments confirmed largely inadequate performances with no added worth for the early diagnostic on the cohort examined on this research.
Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Down-Regulation of NF-κB, NLRP3 Signaling Pathway, and Activating Histone Acetylation in Bovine Macrophages
Sodium butyrate is the sodium salt of butyric acid, which possesses many organic capabilities together with immune system regulation, anti-oxidant and anti inflammatory capacity. The current research was designed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory results and mechanisms of sodium butyrate on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bovine macrophages. The impact of sodium butyrate on the cell viability of bovine macrophages was assayed by utilizing the CCK-8 package. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). NF-κB, NLRP3 signaling pathway, and histone deacetylase had been detected by western blotting. The outcomes confirmed that sodium butyrate had no vital impact on cell viability at 0-1 mM, and inhibited LPS-induced IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS expression.
Furthermore, sodium butyrate suppressed LPS (5 μg/ml)-stimulated the phosphorylation of IκB and p65, inhibited the deacetylation of histone H3K9, and has additionally been discovered to inhibit protein expression in NLRP3 inflammasomes. Thus, our discovering advised that sodium butyrate relieved LPS-induced inflammatory responses in bovine macrophage by inhibiting the canonical NF-κB, NLRP3 signaling pathway, and histone decetylation, which could be useful to stop cow mastitis. In distinction, when examined utilizing vaccine-like recombinant viruses the business and printed assays weren’t capable of accurately establish recombinant isolates. On the identical time the recombinant viruses had been detected as both area and/or vaccine, or not detected in any respect relying on the assay.
The totally different gene sequences current in recombinant viruses trigger these DIVA assays to incorrectly assign recombinant viruses as both a area or vaccine virus. This statement has implications for utilizing these assays and for identification of LSDV vaccine. The research concerned 69 sufferers with and with out cervical neoplasia who underwent colposcopic directed biopsy. On every affected person, two samples had been taken; the primary was used for immunohistochemistry and the second for molecular testing, utilizing HPV16and18 genotyping Actual-Time PCRPackage.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests with different antigen targets
Mixtures of PCR and Isothermal Amplification Strategies Are Appropriate for Quick and Delicate Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA
The newly recognized coronavirus, extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) and has affected over 25 million individuals worldwide as of August 31, 2020. To help within the improvement of diagnostic kits for fast and delicate detection of the virus, we evaluated a mix of polymerase chain response (PCR) and isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods.
Right here, we in contrast typical PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) strategies with hybrid methods comparable to polymerase chain displacement response (PCDR) and a newly developed PCR-LAMP technique. We discovered that the hybrid strategies demonstrated increased sensitivity and assay response charges than these of the traditional LAMP and PCR methods and can be utilized to for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The proposed strategies primarily based on the trendy hybrid amplification methods markedly enhance virus detection and, subsequently, might be extraordinarily helpful within the improvement of recent diagnostic kits.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis. One version of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and X, with the breakpoint associated with the genes encoding the mixed-lineage leukemia and septin 2 proteins. This gene encodes four transcript variants encoding three distinct isoforms. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its biological validity has not been determined.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family involved in cytokinesis and cell cycle control. This gene is a candidate for the ovarian tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy, also known as neuritis with brachial predilection. A chromosomal translocation involving this gene on chromosome 17 and the MLL gene on chromosome 11 results in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is highly expressed in brain and heart. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. One of the isoforms (known as ARTS) is distinct; it is localized to the mitochondria, and has a role in apoptosis and cancer.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is mapped to 22q11, the region frequently deleted in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes. A translocation involving the MLL gene and this gene has also been reported in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The presence of a non-consensus polyA signal (AACAAT) in this gene also results in read-through transcription into the downstream neighboring gene (GP1BB; platelet glycoprotein Ib), whereby larger, non-coding transcripts are produced.
Description: This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the CDC10 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein also shares similarity with Diff 6 of Drosophila and with H5 of mouse. Each of these similar proteins, including the yeast CDC10, contains a GTP-binding motif. The yeast CDC10 protein is a structural component of the 10 nm filament which lies inside the cytoplasmic membrane and is essential for cytokinesis. This human protein functions in gliomagenesis and in the suppression of glioma cell growth, and it is required for the association of centromere-associated protein E with the kinetochore. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Several related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17 and 19.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This gene encodes a guanine-nucleotide binding protein and member of the septin family of cytoskeletal GTPases. Septins play important roles in cytokinesis, exocytosis, embryonic development, and membrane dynamics. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the CDC10 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein also shares similarity with Diff 6 of Drosophila and with H5 of mouse. Each of these similar proteins, including the yeast CDC10, contains a GTP-binding motif. The yeast CDC10 protein is a structural component of the 10 nm filament which lies inside the cytoplasmic membrane and is essential for cytokinesis. This human protein functions in gliomagenesis and in the suppression of glioma cell growth, and it is required for the association of centromere-associated protein E with the kinetochore. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Several related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17 and 19.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. This gene is mapped to 22q11, the region frequently deleted in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes. A translocation involving the MLL gene and this gene has also been reported in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The presence of a non-consensus polyA signal (AACAAT) in this gene also results in read-through transcription into the downstream neighboring gene (GP1BB; platelet glycoprotein Ib), whereby larger, non-coding transcripts are produced.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of nucleotide binding proteins, originally described in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are highly conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse, and appear to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Disruption of septin function disturbs cytokinesis and results in large multinucleate or polyploid cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This gene is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis and the maintenance of cellular morphology. This gene encodes a protein that can form homo- and heterooligomeric filaments, and may contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]
Description: The CLCN5 gene encodes the chloride channel Cl-/H+ exchanger ClC-5. This gene encodes a member of the ClC family of chloride ion channels and ion transporters. The encoded protein is primarily localized to endosomal membranes and may function to facilitate albumin uptake by the renal proximal tubule. Mutations in this gene have been found in Dent disease and renal tubular disorders complicated by nephrolithiasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is unconjugated.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to FITC.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to HRP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to PerCP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to RPE .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for alpha Tubulin from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with human synthetic peptide of Human alpha-Tubulin. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000); ICC/IF (1:100). This alpha Tubulin antibody is unconjugated.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes, each expressing only one class of light chain. Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa to lambda ratio is roughly 3:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm.
Individual B-cells in lymphoid tissue possess either kappa or lambda light chains, but never both together. Specific rearrangement of lambda light chain of immunoglobulins can lead to loss of some protein coding genes, which does not seem to be functionally relevant (while functionally relevant miR-650 can be overexpressed). Using immunohistochemistry, it is possible to determine the relative abundance of B-cells expressing kappa and lambda light chains. If the lymph node or similar tissue is reactive, or otherwise benign, it should possess a mixture of kappa positive and lambda positive cells. If, however, one type of light chain is significantly more common than the other, the cells are likely all derived from a small clonal population, which may indicate a malignant condition, such as B-cell lymphoma. [Wiki]
Description: Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes, each expressing only one class of light chain. Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa to lambda ratio is roughly 3:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm.
Individual B-cells in lymphoid tissue possess either kappa or lambda light chains, but never both together. Specific rearrangement of lambda light chain of immunoglobulins can lead to loss of some protein coding genes, which does not seem to be functionally relevant (while functionally relevant miR-650 can be overexpressed). Using immunohistochemistry, it is possible to determine the relative abundance of B-cells expressing kappa and lambda light chains. If the lymph node or similar tissue is reactive, or otherwise benign, it should possess a mixture of kappa positive and lambda positive cells. If, however, one type of light chain is significantly more common than the other, the cells are likely all derived from a small clonal population, which may indicate a malignant condition, such as B-cell lymphoma. [Wiki]
Description: Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes, each expressing only one class of light chain. Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa to lambda ratio is roughly 3:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm.
Individual B-cells in lymphoid tissue possess either kappa or lambda light chains, but never both together. Specific rearrangement of lambda light chain of immunoglobulins can lead to loss of some protein coding genes, which does not seem to be functionally relevant (while functionally relevant miR-650 can be overexpressed). Using immunohistochemistry, it is possible to determine the relative abundance of B-cells expressing kappa and lambda light chains. If the lymph node or similar tissue is reactive, or otherwise benign, it should possess a mixture of kappa positive and lambda positive cells. If, however, one type of light chain is significantly more common than the other, the cells are likely all derived from a small clonal population, which may indicate a malignant condition, such as B-cell lymphoma. [Wiki]
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This mAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This antibody is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This antibody is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This antibody is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This antibody is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This antibody is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This antibody is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This antibody is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with kappa light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
Description: This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.
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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grading is subjective and affected by substantial charges of discordance amongst pathologists. Though latest research have advised that p16INK4a could also be a helpful surrogate biomarker of cervical neoplasia, Ki-67 and human papillomavirus testing have additionally been proven to be helpful in detecting neoplasia. The aim of this research was to find out the expression of p16INK4a and Ki-67 in cervical neoplasia and its correlations with cofactors.
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